ONCOLOGY :- definition risk factor,screening test for cancer surgical mangement chemotherapy radiatherpy emergency nursing.

Oncology:-

~ Cancer is considered as chronic disease requiring ongoing management rather than terminal illness.

Risk factor:-

Age 

Tobacco

Carcinogen exppsure 

Uv rays 

Genes 

~ Breast cancer is most common cancer in women upper outer qudrants is mostly affected .

~ Infection and virus are associated with an increased risk of certain form of cancer.

Infection:-     increased risk of from of cancer

Hpv:-              cervical cancer anal cancer.                                 upper airway cancer kaposi.                                  Sarcoma.

Epstein-Barr.   Lymphoma Nasopharyngeal.     Virus                         cancer gastric cancer.                                      kaposi sarcoma 

Cytomegalovirus. Kaposi sarcoma colon.                                         cancer

Hepatitis b&c.      Hepatocellular cancer

SCREENING TEST FOR CANCER:-

BREAST CANCER:-

~ breast self examination-3 to 5 days after the periods starts every months. After menopause one day of every month or any fix day in a month.

~ Clinical breast examination preferably every 3 year.

~Mamography :- after the age of 40 year.

CERVICAL CANCER:-

Women 21 year :- Pap test is done 

COLON CANCER:-

Fecal occult blood test, guaiac based test .

PROSTATE CANCER:-

Prostate specific antigen (PSA)

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT:-

~ Preventive /prophylactic suregery.

~ Primary surgery 

~ Cytoreductive sugery

~ Salvage treatment

CHEMOTHERAPY:-

Adjuvant :- use of systemic treatment following suregery and radiation.

Neoadjuvant:- use of systemic treatment prior to primary surgery or radiation 

RADIATION THERAPY:-

Teletherpy:-

Delivered through linear accelerator.

Brachytherapy:-

Use of seed wires to deliver radiation.

Gray is the unit of absorbed radiation dose equal to 100 rads.